Cooking-stove



1. R. STAFFORD.

Cooking Stove.

Patented Oct. 23, 1849.

U TED STATES PATENT onricn.

JAS. R. STAFFORD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

COOKING-STOVE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,807, dated October 23, 1849.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JAMES R. STAFFORD, of Cleveland, Cuyahoga county, State of Ohio, have invented a new and Improved Method of Constructing Cooking Stoves and Ranges; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and clear description of my invention.

The nature of my invention consists in heating the bottom oven plates of stoves or ranges by other means than by causing the flame, smoke or air which has passed through the fire to pass under the same, as is herein more particularly described.

To enable others to understand and use my invention I will describe it.

Figure 1, represents a perspective view of a cooking stove. Fig. 2, represents same stove, the top, side plate and hearth of which is removed to show the interior construction and arrangement.

a, a, Figs. 2 and 3 is the bottom oven plate which extends over the entire surface of the stove as shown and on which the upright plates are placed. In some cases I so construct a, that it does not extend further into the fire chamber than to allow the back fire plate to rest upon it and in the construction of some of my stoves and ranges I find it convenient to make a in two or more pieces. The apertures n n n &c., Fig. 3, shown near front and rear ends of a Fig. 3, are for allowing the air within the oven to circulate between a and b. b is the bottom plate which is always made of nearly the same length and breadth of a and it may be constructed in parts or as a whole, care being taken in its construction that no exterior air be admitted bet-ween it and a or through the joints when made in parts. I) is attached to a either by bolts or by the rods of the stove and is fitted into grooves on underside of a.

To prevent the loss of heat which may be ,either radiated from under side of a or which may be carried'between a and b by heated air, I place on the bottom surface of 6 some reflecting or non-conducting substance. When I use my invention for a range I) may be dispensed with and brick work substituted.

0, 0, Figs. 1 and 2 are the fire grates.

(Z d is the fire plate which I construct in different forms always endeavoring so to construct my stoves and ranges that the plates in contact with the fire shall rest on or be brought in contact with the bottom oven plate or plates so that their heat may be transmitted to it or them.

6 Figs. 2 and 5 is a plate placed in rear of fire plate to protect the oven from the intense heat of (Z (Z and also to serve to give direction to the-circulating air of. the oven. I generally place a paneled plate on c on the side toward ZZ dwhich'I-fill withsome nonconducting substance as an additional protection against theradiation of (Z, (Z. As it will be seen that .but a portion of the upper edge of e is brought in contact "with the top of oven 9, the open space atto-p' of 6 permits the air between a and b to enter the oven.

I g, g, Figs. 2 and alt-constitute the top and back of oven and is-made in one piece for the purpose of more effectually heating the rear end of the oven and fortransmitting by conduction a greater amount of heat to the rear of bottom oven plate a.

i c Fig. 2 is placed as shown for the pur pose of preventing the cooler air on the bottom oven plate a, from passing into the apertures 12 n n &c. near the rear end of the oven bottom, the air of oven which circulates through the space between a and 6 passes from the oven over the top of i 2' when d cl becomes highly heated. When first making a fire g 9 being thinner than all, cl, becomes first heated, when for a short time a circulation of the air between a and b will be in the reverse direction of that herein before and hereinafter described.

To prevent the admission of air around the ends and under side of d, d, e i z and rear part of g, g, I sometimes cover the apertures n n n &c. both in front and rear with tubes of metal and when placed close together or when made in long oblong tubes I dispense with e and 2' i.

j Fig. 2 is placed as shown to turn the heat downwardly into the space it for the purpose of heating the rear end of the oven. When I construct small stoves or ranges or when the draft of the chimney or smoke fine is not suffioient I dispense with j.

I sometimes place between 03, d, and the fire a protection plate or some nonconducting substance to prevent its burning out.

Having described in part the construction of my cooking stoves and ranges I will now explain the operation so that a further description may be better understood.

The products of combustion (viz. flame,

smoke and unconsumed gases) pass from the fire chamber over the upper part of (Z cl and g g, thence descend into space It, thence around lower side of 7' from thence they rise into smoke flue 70 Fig. 1 or when is not used they pass more directly into smoke flue, spaceh being heated by the reverberation of the heat passing off by smoke flue.

The great body of heat being either in contact with d, d or not far removed from it, cl cl soon becomes highly heated, the air which is in the space between cl (Z and e or within the tube or tubes described as being placed within the over nearest the fire chamber, becomes rarefied by the action of the heat of d, d and ascends into the upper portion of the oven over the top edge of e.

As the greatest heat in the stove or range will be nearest the fire plates and as air nearest them will be more highly heated, there will be a constant ascent of the air within the space between cl d and e or in the tubes before mentioned occupying that space. To supply this circulation air within the oven not so highly heated will pass between i i and g g thence under the oven bottom a into the space between (Z (Z and e or into the tubes before described and this circulation continues until all parts of the,

oven are equally heated or as near so as the circulation will heat it.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The manner herein described of causing the air contained within the oven and spaces to circulate within and under the oven Without allowing the heated air to pass from the oven or spaces into the fire chamber or smoke pipe: which effect is produced by 10- cating the plate 6, within the oven and near the fire back d, and connecting the space between 6, and cl; with the body of theoven and with the space between the bottom plate of the oven and the plate I), and also connecting the space below the bottom plate of the oven with the rear end of the body thereof, substantially as herein set forth, not intending by this claim to restrict myself to the mode of construction herein described but to so vary the same as I may deem expedient while I attain the same ends by means substantially the same. I

JAMES R. STAFFORD. [L.S.] 

